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Research on marginalized communities has expanded considerably over the past two decades. A large body of scholarship has examined the attitudes and behavior of majority populations toward minorities, as well as the institutional and societal sources of exclusion and discrimination. While a growing literature also investigates how marginalized communities respond to exclusion, our understanding remains fragmented across disciplines, groups, and forms of political behavior. This panel brings these strands of research into dialogue by examining how experiences and signals of social, political, and economic exclusion, including discrimination in its various forms, shape the political attitudes and behavior of marginalized communities across diverse contexts.
Beyond documenting the consequences of exclusion, the panel seeks to advance understanding of the mechanisms linking exclusion to political behavior. Under what conditions does exclusion activate marginalized identities, strengthen perceptions of shared interests, or reinforce political solidarity? When does it instead foster political withdrawal, distrust, or disengagement? Are political responses driven primarily by pre-existing identities, by experiences of exclusion, by emotions such as anger or fear, by changing perceptions of political efficacy, or by strategic calculations about representation? Identifying these mechanisms is essential for developing cumulative theories of how marginalized communities respond to exclusion.
We welcome contributions focusing on ethnic, racial, religious, immigrant, Indigenous, caste, linguistic, sexual, gender, disability, and other marginalized communities. We particularly encourage papers examining multiple forms of exclusion, including state-generated signals – such as public policies, legislation, policing practices, administrative decisions, political rhetoric, and the actions of public institutions – and societal signals, including hate crimes, everyday discrimination, media discourse, social norms, online hostility, and exclusionary rhetoric by political and social actors.
The panel seeks to advance comparative understanding by encouraging dialogue across different forms of marginalization, political contexts, and methodological traditions. Papers may examine responses ranging from political withdrawal and declining trust to electoral mobilization, protest, group voting, partisan realignment, civic engagement, and new forms of political participation.
By bringing together research from diverse regions and marginalized populations, the panel aims to develop a comparative framework for understanding how exclusion shapes political incorporation, democratic participation, political representation, and the resilience of democracy.