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In recent years, the convergence of climate change, geopolitical instability, energy insecurity, and war has profoundly reshaped the political context in which social movements operate. Across Europe and beyond, ecological transition increasingly unfolds alongside renewed investments in fossil fuels, rising defence expenditure, military production, and policies centred on security and strategic autonomy. These developments raise fundamental questions about the direction and meaning of the green transition: what does “transition” mean when ecological goals are increasingly confronted with the imperatives of war, war economy, militarisation, and national security?
This changing context may transform both the opportunities and constraints facing social movements. Climate and environmental movements are confronted with political agendas in which ecological priorities compete with, or become subordinated to, security and defence objectives. At the same time, anti-war and anti-militarist movements increasingly engage with questions of energy and war supply chains, industrial production, public spending, military infrastructures and ecological justice. This may create new opportunities for cross-movement alliances, but also generate tensions and divergences over political priorities, frames, strategies, and collective identities.
The panel invites contributions that examine how the emergence of a war economy is reshaping social movements and collective action. We are particularly interested in how movements interpret these transformations, adapt their strategies, and negotiate new or changing political opportunities.
Possible theoretical and empirical contributions may address these (but not exhaustive) topics:
- How does militarisation transform the political opportunities and constraints of climate and environmental movements?
- How do they reframe their claims around climate goals, ecological transition and environmental protection in the context of warand securitization?
- How do environmental movements change their strategies and system of alliances to face militarisation?
- What forms of mobilisation emerge around military infrastructures, weapons production, energy systems, industrial conversion, and public spending?
- How do these forms interact with changing repertoires of repression, securitisation, and political polarisation?
- Under which conditions do frames, alliances, and repertoires of action foster interactions between local and global levels and enable movements to scale up internationally?