5XÉçÇø

Great-power rivalry, weakening multilateral institutions, and the rise of regional and non-state actors are reshaping contemporary peacemaking. This panel examines how geopolitical fragmentation affects mediation, ceasefires, peace agreements, and their implementation. It welcomes theoretical and empirical papers on competing mediators, external intervention, regional organizations, military assistance, sanctions, armed groups, and local peace initiatives. The panel asks who can make and sustain peace in a divided international order, when geopolitical competition obstructs or enables negotiation, and how changing configurations of external and local actors affect political inclusion, democratic legitimacy, and the durability of negotiated settlements.