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Adressing losses and damages is the last frontier of the global response to climate change and its consequences. Those two issues are of cardinal importance for countries in the global South because they are historically the less responsible and most vulnerable to climate change . Most specifically, Latin American and Africa are the two regions of the world which emit less anthropogenic greenhouse gases generating climate change. Yet they share various historical, social, and geophysical similarities which explain the severity of losses and damages in both regions. Therefore in either region, losses and damages offer the opportunity to investigate various domains in relation with climate change. First, how do climate integration policies adress them at regional or national levels ? How inclusive are such policies when they exist, bearing in mind that accross both regions , women, old persons, children and indigenous communities are the most impacted by climate change ? Secondly, as the countries of both regions are Parties to the international legal agreements to adress climate change and its consequences – the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement- how do they individually or regionally influence –if ever- the shaping of the global policy aimed at adressing losses and damages ? Thirdly, considering the surge of climate litigation in both regions, especially in Latin America, and the avdisory opinions related to climate change, how do both regions – may - contribute to shape the State responsibility regardring climate change and the implementation of subsequent policies regarding losses and damages at regional or national levels ? Beyond those questions, losses and damages are a threat to the security of human beings and their environment and challenge the implementation sustainable development. On these grounds, it would be interesting to investigate how losses and damages contribute to the agency of both regions on those points. Additionally, the influence of populism and extreme nationalist movements on global climate change response strains international cooperation on this issue. Therefore, how resilient are climate integration policies in both regions? This panel welcomes any proposal on losses and damages in relation with those issues.