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<p>This panel explores national economic security in Europe’s changing geopolitical context by examining how states deploy a broader toolkit of geoeconomic policies. It welcomes analyses of states’ policies and their determinants toward inward investment with policy responses encompassing export controls, public procurement, industrial policy, and supply chain governance. Situating these dynamics within the European Union’s “geopolitical turn,” the panel assesses how the framing of external threats to national assets informs coordinated and fragmented policy strategies across member states. It highlights how instruments such as investment screening, export restrictions, and strategic procurement are increasingly combined to safeguard critical infrastructure and supply chains. By including contributions that link demand-side opinion formation with supply-side policy innovation, the panel advances understanding of how sovereignty, security, and economic openness are renegotiated in a fragmenting global order</p>