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Referendums and direct democracy are important instruments, and there are various types of referendum. See the V-Ref project for more information. Digitalisation plays an important role in direct democracy. Referendums exist in a variety of political systems, ranging from authoritarian electoral democracies to fully democratic ones. The misuse of referendums in some countries is obvious. Consequently, referendum integrity is becoming an important field of research. The focus of referendum observation is shifting from voting day and vote counting to the initiation of referendums and the campaign phase. Digital tools, AI and fake news are playing an increasingly important role in referendum campaigning. This focus on electronic direct democracy is open to all colleagues from communication. It is also a meeting of the DDD (Direct and Deliberative Democracy) group, which analyses the combination of online and offline participation.